This page provides instructions and examples for citing the following print sources other than books in both the notes-bibliography and author-date systems of the Chicago Manual of Style:
- dictionaries
- abstracts
- laws and statutes
- government reports.
The sources are organized in alphabetical order for ease of reference.
Abstracts
Abstracts are brief summaries of research articles, theses, or conference papers. When citing an abstract, include as much information as possible about the original work.
Notes-Bibliography System
- Bibliography Entry: Author’s Last Name, First Name. “Title of Article.” Abstract in Title of Source, Volume Number, no. Issue Number (Year): Page Number.
- First Footnote: 1. John Smith, “Marine Biodiversity and Climate Change,” abstract in Marine Biology Journal 35, no. 2 (2018): 123.
- Subsequent Footnotes: 2. Smith, “Marine Biodiversity and Climate Change,” 123.
Author-Date System
- In-Text Citation: (Smith 2018, 123)
- Reference List Entry: Smith, John. 2018. “Marine Biodiversity and Climate Change.” Abstract in Marine Biology Journal 35 (2): 123.
Dictionaries
When citing a dictionary, provide details about the specific entry and the edition of the dictionary.
Notes-Bibliography System
- Bibliography Entry: “Title of Entry.” In Title of Dictionary, Edition. Place of Publication: Publisher, Year.
- First Footnote: 1. “Sustainability,” in Merriam-Webster’s Collegiate Dictionary, 11th ed. (Springfield, MA: Merriam-Webster, 2003).
- Subsequent Footnotes: 2. “Sustainability.”
Author-Date System
- In-Text Citation: (Merriam-Webster’s Collegiate Dictionary 2003)
- Reference List Entry: Merriam-Webster’s Collegiate Dictionary. 2003. 11th ed. Springfield, MA: Merriam-Webster.
Government Reports
Government reports can include a variety of documents issued by government agencies. Provide the agency’s name as the author and details about the report.
Notes-Bibliography System
- Bibliography Entry: Name of Government Agency. Title of Report. Place of Publication: Publisher, Year.
- First Footnote: 1. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), Climate Change Impacts on Marine Ecosystems (Washington, DC: NOAA, 2018).
- Subsequent Footnotes: 2. NOAA, Climate Change Impacts on Marine Ecosystems.
Author-Date System
- In-Text Citation: (NOAA 2018)
- Reference List Entry: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). 2018. Climate Change Impacts on Marine Ecosystems. Washington, DC: NOAA.
Laws and Statutes
When citing laws and statutes, include the name of the law, the source in which it is found, and relevant sections.
Notes-Bibliography System
- Bibliography Entry: Name of Law or Statute. Source. Section Number (Year).
- First Footnote: 1. Clean Water Act. U.S. Code 33, sec. 1251-1387 (1972).
- Subsequent Footnotes: 2. Clean Water Act, sec. 1251-1387.
Author-Date System
- In-Text Citation: (Clean Water Act 1972)
- Reference List Entry: Clean Water Act. 1972. U.S. Code 33, sec. 1251-1387.
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