This page covers how to cite the following forms of audiovisual media for both the notes-bibliography and author-date systems of the Chicago Manual of Style:
- Albums
- Artwork
- Episodes (TV Series)
- Films
- Photographs
- Songs
- TV series
- YouTube videos
The sources are organized in alphabetical order for ease of reference.
Albums
Notes-Bibliography System
- Bibliography Entry: Artist’s First Name Last Name. Album Title. Record Label, Year.
- First Footnote: 1. Taylor Swift. Fearless. Big Machine Records, 2008.
- Subsequent Footnotes: 2. Swift, Fearless.
Author-Date System
- In-Text Citation: (Swift 2008)
- Reference List Entry: Swift, Taylor. 2008. Fearless. Big Machine Records.
Artwork
Notes-Bibliography System
- Bibliography Entry: Artist’s First Name Last Name. Title of Artwork. Year. Museum or Collection, City.
- First Footnote: 1. Vincent van Gogh. Starry Night. 1889. Museum of Modern Art, New York.
- Subsequent Footnotes: 2. van Gogh, Starry Night.
Author-Date System
- In-Text Citation: (van Gogh 1889)
- Reference List Entry: van Gogh, Vincent. 1889. Starry Night. Museum of Modern Art, New York.
Episodes (TV Series)
Notes-Bibliography System
- Bibliography Entry: “Episode Title.” TV Series Title. Season Number, Episode Number. Directed by Director’s First Name Last Name. Aired Month Day, Year, on Network.
- First Footnote: 1. “The Rains of Castamere.” Game of Thrones. Season 3, Episode 9. Directed by David Nutter. Aired June 2, 2013, on HBO.
- Subsequent Footnotes: 2. “The Rains of Castamere.”
Author-Date System
- In-Text Citation: (“The Rains of Castamere” 2013)
- Reference List Entry: “The Rains of Castamere.” 2013. Game of Thrones. Season 3, Episode 9. Directed by David Nutter. HBO.
Films
Notes-Bibliography System
- Bibliography Entry: Film Title. Directed by Director’s First Name Last Name. Production Company, Year.
- First Footnote: 1. Inception, directed by Christopher Nolan (Warner Bros., 2010).
- Subsequent Footnotes: 2. Inception.
Author-Date System
- In-Text Citation: (Inception 2010)
- Reference List Entry: Inception. 2010. Directed by Christopher Nolan. Warner Bros.
Photographs
Notes-Bibliography System
- Bibliography Entry: Photographer’s First Name Last Name. Title of Photograph. Year. Museum or Collection, City.
- First Footnote: 1. Ansel Adams. Moonrise, Hernandez, New Mexico. 1941. Museum of Modern Art, New York.
- Subsequent Footnotes: 2. Adams, Moonrise.
Author-Date System
- In-Text Citation: (Adams 1941)
- Reference List Entry: Adams, Ansel. 1941. Moonrise, Hernandez, New Mexico. Museum of Modern Art, New York.
Songs
Notes-Bibliography System
- Bibliography Entry: Artist’s First Name Last Name. “Song Title.” Track Number on Album Title. Record Label, Year.
- First Footnote: 1. Taylor Swift. “Love Story.” Track 3 on Fearless. Big Machine Records, 2008.
- Subsequent Footnotes: 2. Swift, “Love Story.”
Author-Date System
- In-Text Citation: (Swift 2008)
- Reference List Entry: Swift, Taylor. 2008. “Love Story.” Track 3 on Fearless. Big Machine Records.
TV Series
Notes-Bibliography System
- Bibliography Entry: TV Series Title. Created by Creator’s First Name Last Name. Production Company, Year–Year.
- First Footnote: 1. Game of Thrones, created by David Benioff and D.B. Weiss (HBO, 2011–2019).
- Subsequent Footnotes: 2. Game of Thrones.
Author-Date System
- In-Text Citation: (Game of Thrones 2011–2019)
- Reference List Entry: Game of Thrones. 2011–2019. Created by David Benioff and D.B. Weiss. HBO.
YouTube Videos
Notes-Bibliography System
- Bibliography Entry: Creator’s First Name Last Name. “Video Title.” Website Name. Month Day, Year. URL.
- First Footnote: 1. John Doe. “How to Make a Perfect Cup of Coffee.” YouTube. January 10, 2020. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=example.
- Subsequent Footnotes: 2. Doe, “How to Make a Perfect Cup of Coffee.”
Author-Date System
- In-Text Citation: (Doe 2020)
- Reference List Entry: Doe, John. 2020. “How to Make a Perfect Cup of Coffee.” YouTube. January 10. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=example.
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